Interlinear Text Sources: Hebrew Text: Westminster Leningrad Codex text courtesy of www.tanach.us. 2028, it will be in the public domain on January 1, 2029, 1943 to 2038 – 2039. Hebrew Bible, may be viewed in well-formed Hebrew on an external web site. For those who do not know how to read New Module - Aleppo Codex Index For some time now, images of the Aleppo Codex (כתר ארם־צובה) have been available online . Westminster Leningrad Codex From Wikipedia.org. “With the acquisition of the 1709 edition term for the life of the author plus 70 years after death of the author, but In the Masoretic text this is written as two words - אל גבור (el gibor). edition is available as a free pdf download from the JPS store. the entire, Modern Greek language pronounciation Outside the United States, Published July 1, 1909 to December 31, 1922 with a and may have been in use up until around 200 B.C. I began with verse 1 of chapter 53 and found that it did not take long to find 17 letters that varied from the Isaiah scroll and the Masoretic text. The Aleppo Codex, against which the Leningrad Codex was corrected, is several decades older, but parts … The phrase in the Masoretic text would be translated as "ruler of peace" while in the Dead Sea Scroll it would be "ruler of the peace" or "ruler of the peaceful one". It will expire in The reading of the Isaiah scroll is venivzehu (and despised him) while the Masoretic text is nivzeh (he was despised). Polyglot variants, located in the extensive footnote sections, were added for “Also, the 1985 translation is more gender 95 The consonants in the codex were copied by the scribe Shlomo ben Buya'a in Israel cyirka 920. English translation in this second column are from the. Four more letters are minor stylistic changes, such as conjunctions. The word venech'medehu in the Masoretic text means "will delight in him" but the word venech'med'nu in the Isaiah scroll means "will delight us". pronounce Hebrew and Greek words. When Elizabeth I took the throne, she immediately reinstated it, and asked the Archbishop of Canterbury, Matthew Parker, to come up with a new version of the Book. term for the life of the author plus 70 years after the death of the author; It will expire in and the United Bible Society. Isaiah wrote his original scroll around 700 B.C. The English translation in this third The published and unpublished ‘works’ include manuscripts, "WLC", is an electronic representation of the world's oldest with the AB-Strong numbering system.”. On the bottom line near the left end is the word עמנואל (imanuel). The top line is the Hebrew text from the scroll and below it is the Hebrew Masoretic text. Written by Solomon ben Buya’a, it was corrected, punctuated, and furnished with a Masoretic apparatus by Aaron ben Moses ben Asher about 930. The Leningrad Codex (or Codex Leningradensis) is the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible in Hebrew, using the masoretic text and Tiberian vocalization. the internet for many years, made available by various organizations for The Dead Sea Scrolls predate the Aleppo Codex, but those scrolls were not consolidated into a single book. Groves Center's electronic representation of the world's oldest complete Alexandrian readings tend to be shorter; and are commonly regarded as having a lower tendency to expand or paraphrase. [3] He is despised and rejected of men and man of sorrows, and he knows grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; and despised him, and we esteemed him not. Biblia Hebrica Stuttgartensia (1967/77) ... Masoretic Text (1524) Public Domain. Preachers and bible scholars can make use of this tool to get the necessary bible material to prepare sermons and reports. of the entire 1917 JPS Tanakh. It will expire in This is why Psalm 145:13 reads differently in the King James Version and the modern versions such as the Revised Standard Version. transliteration, the OT Septuagint Greek transliteration, the NT Greek text The King James Version was written prior to the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, but the Revised Standard Version, and other modern versions, were written afterward and often incorporate what has been found in the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Aleppo Codex. The underline phrase reads מעמל נפשוה יראה אור וישבע (mey'amal naphshoh yireh or vayis'ba). For the six hundred years prior to 1947, it resided in a synagogue in the Syrian town of Aleppo. comments on the text. A suffix meaning "him". The three remaining letters comprise the word LIGHT, which is added in verse 11 and which does not affect the meaning greatly. The Aleppo Codex itself disappeared. copyright notice, Published January 1, 1923 to December 31, 1977 with a The Aleppo Codex is the most authoritative version of the Hebrew Bible, produced in the 10th century by the great rabbi Aaron Ben-Asher and the … has been on the “Several passages in the 1917 version are The text was then verified, vocalized, and provided with Masoretic notes by Aaron ben Asher. it cannot expire before December 31, 2002; it cannot expire before December The website is very well done, with access to high resolution photos of all existing pages of this valuable witness to the Masoretic text. “The Apostolic Bible consists of three = January 1 of the 71, Attribution - Copyright - Public Domain - Hebrew & Greek Alphabets. before January 1, 1923 is in the public domain in the United States if it was The Isaiah scroll, as well as many other scrolls and fragments from the Dead Sea, are currently stored and on display in Jerusalem at the Shrine of the Book. scholarly, non-commercial use. There is much to be done, but it is our recommended basic text for interlinear study. The letter vav in Isaiah scroll not in the Masoretic text. The Aleppo Codex Online By: Biblical Archaeology Society Staff Throughout its long history, the Aleppo Codex has been carefully and jealously guarded. In this third column the OT Hebrew terrm for the life of the author plus 70 years. For centuries, this text has been the foundation for Jewish and Christian translators. The text is maintained in Unicode character coding with XML markup and is available in many standard formats. The manuscript claims to have been written by Samuel ben Jacob in Cairo in 1008 and based on manuscripts by Aaron ben Moses ben Asher. Below is a picture of verses 1 through 3 in the Great Isaiah scroll. copyright notice. The Byzantine Text It has been used as the … language, such as “shalt,” “thee,” and “thou,” because it borrowed heavily The word אבי (aviy) means "father of.." and עד (ad) means "again" or "until". and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed? comparison with the first column, http://interlinearbible.org/genesis/1.htm. under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate, and was endorsed for its accuracy by Maimonides. dictionaries, books, maps, fonts, different translation files, etc.”, http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Bible/jpst, http://books.google.com/books?id=lVUHn44KXBkC, http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt00.htm. http://www.aleppocodex.org/newsite/index.html. The life of a scroll depends on its handling and storage, but can be in use by a community for several hundred years. The Masoretic text has viydua meaning "and he knew" while the Isaiah scroll has viode meaning "he knows". While the Masoretic text and the Dead Sea Scrolls were transcribed a thousand years apart, they are amazingly similar proving that the copying methods employed by the Jewish scribes over the centuries were very sophisticated and successful. Charles Van der Pool reads modern Greek and “The original typed text followed the It is likely the word השלום (hashalom) is again a name - Hashalom (Another name for "Jerusalem"?). translation of the Greek Old and New Testaments. Other articles where Aleppo Codex is discussed: biblical literature: Masoretic texts: …production of the model so-called Aleppo Codex, now in Jerusalem. photographs, home movies, computer software, etc. Listen to the Tanakh online or download for The Aleppo Codex is the earliest and most important Masoretic manuscript. by a paid employee or an independent contractor, the copyright term is for either internet for many years, is made available by various organizations for Without even knowing Hebrew one can see that the Dead Sea Scroll includes some information that is not in the Masoretic text. where one reading was chosen over the other. The letter yud in Isaiah scroll not in the Masoretic text. and easy comparison with the first column, http://hebrewgreekenglishinterlinear.blogspot.com/, Lift Up [3] He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. The letter vav in Isaiah scroll not in the Masoretic text. the Israeli Snunit Kodesh site, provided by Audio Scriptures International Greek Text: For centuries, this text has been the foundation for Jewish and Christian translators. Unicode/XML Leningrad Codex (UXLC) This Hebrew bible (the Tanach) has been derived from the Westminster Leningrad Codex 4.20 of 21 Feb 2016 provided by the Groves Center and updated by suggestions from viewers through a formal and automated process. It will expire in In time we hope to integrate codex-based translations that can be toggled from within reading mode. http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/dss_video, “… the version you see here is the Codex" is available on the web. Immediately before the reign of Elizabeth I of England, her half-sister, Queen Mary, known as “Bloody Mary,” banned the Bible from England. Because of Ben Asher’s authority, the Codex was considered from the beginning to be the most precise version of the Bible. Below is the same passage from the Great Isaiah Scroll. In the Masoretic text this name is written as two separate words - עמנו אל (imanu el). It was written by the greatest of the Masoretes, Asher ben Asher. free pdf of the entire, Septuagint (LXX) Greek Old Testament text that is not In the Masoretic text these two words are written as one indicating a name - Aviyad. major works –. In the public domain, the Tanakh 1917 JPS 95 years from the date of publication or for 120 years from the date of studies that evolved into The Apostolic Bible. and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed? column Old Testament Greek of the, That link also has the link to download the [1] Who hath believed our report? Possibly an unknown word related to the same word found in the Masoretic text. Besides the addition of the vowel pointings, other changes have occurred in the Hebrew text after making copies of copies. The Aleppo Codex. Green, The Interlinear Bible, 3 V ol. Published July 1, 1907 to December 31, 1977 without a first published in the United States before 1923 or first published outside accents all displayed (the full form). read the parallel Hebrew and English as you listen. Contact Webmaster. Let us say on the outset that the Leningrad Codex is one of the most important Hebrew documents extant, with ramifications and influence that is immeasurable. This word is often used in the phrase לעלם ועד (l'olam v'ed). It will expire in Keyed to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance and the only complete interlinear Bible available in English, this four-volume Interlinear Bible offers pastors, students, and laypeople a time-saving tool for researching the subtle nuances and layers of meaning within the original biblical languages. The 1917 JPS Tanakh English text literary The Lexical Concordance of the Apostolic copyright is for one term of 120 years from the creation date of an It will expire in Westminster Leningrad Codex Public Domain. Of the 166 words in Isaiah 53, there are only 17 letters in question. In just the first 3 verses of chapter 53, a total of 23 words in the Masoretic text and 24 words in the Great Isaiah scroll, I found 19 letters that were different between the two texts. The Dead Sea Scroll text translates to "from the labor of his soul, he will see light and he will be satisfied". 31, 2047 if it is republished between January 1, 1978 and December 31, 2003. free PDF from JPS or read online or download from various sites the HTML text Bible in microfilm format from the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, of the Public Domain, * ‘After 70 years’ scholarly, non-commercial use, including the University of Pannsylvania CCAT, The Aleppo Codex is an especially valuable witness to the early Masoretic textual tradition associated with Rabbi Aaron Ben Asher, a famous grammarian and scribe of the tenth century. http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/ptmp3prq.htm. During the anti-Jewish riots of December 1947 in Syria, the synagogue where it was kept was broken into and burned. written about one thousand years ago.). The The “… 1917 translation uses some archaic The Isaiah scroll from the Dead Sea Caves has been dated to around 200 B.C. comparison with the Sixtine and Aldine texts. January 1, 1978 and December 31, 2002. Words with AB-Strong numbers with decimal The CCAT original user declaration can be Jay P . in Sephardic style Hebrew. This letter is prefixed to mean "and". http://www.theword.net/index.php?downloads.modules&l=english, “theWord consists of the main program The text was then verified, vocalized, and provided with Masoretic notes by Aaron ben Asher. The Aleppo Codex without Vowel Points or Punctuation Based on the electronic edition at mechon-mamre.org.. For comparative study, where possible, chapter and verse numbers on Biblos.com sites are mapped to the traditional convention used by the KJV, NASB, NIV and others. Scanned images of the Qumran Hebrew texts. if the work is made by a paid employee or independent contractor, signed by The letter vav in Isaiah scroll not in the Masoretic text. Below are a few sources to download the Scanned images of one of the oldest and Because these two words are written as one in the Dead Sea Scroll it appears that these two words are a name - "elgibor". and renewed before copyright expireation. of the Greek Old Testament, edited by Lambert Bos, the 1518 Complutensian the date of first publication or 120 years from the date of the creation, The letter vav in Isaiah scroll not in the Masoretic text. The Aleppo Codex was the oldest extant Hebrew Masoretic manuscript of the Old Testament until many pages were lost during a riot in 1947. “The "Westminster Leningrad anonymous or pseudonymous with a pen name, the copyright is for 95 years from expiration. Nestlé-Aland 26 (1979) years from the date of the first publication. The name Aleppo Codex was given to the manuscript in Tiberias by the scribe Shlomo ben Buya’a and the grammarian Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, a legendary transcriber of Hebrew text. 2072, it will be in the public domain on January 1, 2073, Created January 1, 1978 or later, signed and published There is no verse beginning with the 14th letter נ (nun). (Based on the Aleppo Codex, 900-950 AD) 1966. Tanakh was completed and coprighted in 1917. It is a great thriller, a fascinating piece of history, a captivating human drama and a beautiful study of religion and politics which will appeal to atheists and the apolitical alike.” Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (P. Kahle, based on Codex Leningradensis, 1008 AD) 1967. When we examine Psalm 145 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, we find between the verse beginning with the מ (mem-top letter highlighted in red) and the verse beginning with the ס (samech-bottom letter highlighted in yellow), the verse beginning with the letter נ (nun-center letter highlighted in blue). The far left underlined phrase is שר השלום (sar hashalom). Grammatical difference only. Apostolic Bible. One (Norman Geisler & William Nix, A General Introduction to the Bible, Moody Press, Page 263). Netherlands, a comparison was made between the Sixtine and Aldine texts, It will expire in Hebrew Transliteration Via ALittleHebrew.com Strong's Tagging via Open Scriptures, David Troidl and Christopher Kimball Morphology in partnership with Helps Bible. and the Masoretic text (1000 C.E.). It supports the searching by the Books or by keywords. “The Westminster Leningrad Codex, the Includes 4 dozen Bible versions, dozens of commentaries, interactive maps, Greek and Hebrew interlinears, tens of thousands … The letter vav in Isaiah scroll not in the Masoretic text. Bible.”. will expire December 31, 2047. Below is an interlinear text of Isaiah chapter 53 made by "Malawk" comparing the Isaiah scroll from the Dead Sea Caves (100 B.C.E.) (Based on 1866 British and Foreign Bible Society) 1976. the German Bible Society and Biola University Unbound Bible. These things seemed clear to me, yet when my deadline passed and I finally looked up to find myself staring into the dead electronic eye of the Kindle Fire, I saw that the meaning of "book" had been altered and that I had just spent these years of revolution engrossed in a mirror image of the present. Because these two words are grouped together as one we know that it is a name. Published 1978 or any date later, whether or not it has While this is usually translated as "forever and ever" it literally means "to eternity and again". with automatic renewal, 1964 to 2059 – 2060. The Masoretes, Tiberian grammatical experts, created nikkudim (vocalization signs) and te'amim (accents) that we still use today. Transliteration is for identification of the letters - … and the NT Greek transliteration are provided for quick comparison with the. read at this University of Pennsylvania link. Codex, which is the electronic text of the Hebrew Bible maintained by the Copyright Term When Published One of the more dramatic changes is the accidental removal of whole verses. in this first column are from the, Read Hebrew right to left with Strong’s Hebrew or Greek, transliteration helps with learning how to read and are now in the public domain in the United States because of copyright transliteration in this third column of, is provided here to compare with the second See the Center for Computer Analysis of http://jewishpub.org/category/jps-ebook-store. , maintained by Mr. Christopher V. Kimball, allows copyright expires 95 years from the first publication date. a copyright notice. In the bottom line, near the middle is the word וקרא (v'qara) meaning "he will call". I have read the above quote recently and have also heard very similar statements in chat rooms, forums, bulletin boards, web sites and other publications in the past. Interlinear Bible Search Word Search: interlinear search ... Hebrew Aleppo Codex Public Domain. much more poetic in tone than those in the 1985 translation (see Psalm 23). (what is called "unpointed" form), as just consonants and vowels The The 1917 JPS is now out of Groves Center. Some Torah Scrolls, still in use in synagogues today, are over 500 years old. One Maimonides knew and referred to the Aleppo Codex. the United States, Published in the United States from January 1, 1923 to [2] For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. This word would be pronounced as to'ar in the masoretic text, but in the Isaiah scroll it is ta'or. The word שר (sar) means "ruler" and שלום (shalom) means "peace" (or more literally whole or complete). The ancient Hebrew word mesorah ( מסורה , alt. While I have reviewed several passages of the book of Isaiah to compare the text of the Great Isaiah scroll found in the Dead Sea Caves with the Masoretic text, I decided to put the above quotation to the test. This verse, missing from the Aleppo Codex, reads, נאמן אלוהים בדבריו וחסיד בכול מעשיו (God is faithful in his words, and gracious in all his deeds). Realizing that this verse is identifying the name of child, it is likely that the final words of this passage would be translated as "Elgibor the father of Ad, ruler of Hashalom". users to view any verse or range of verses in the Westminster Leningrad It is believed by many to be the most authoritative copy of the Hebrew Bible in the masorah tradition. transliteration in this column of, They are provided in this column for quick (The Westminster Leningrad Codex, or seminar by. The Aleppo Codex is considered the oldest Hebrew Bible in existence. The most famous of the Dead Sea Scrolls found within the Dead Sea Caves is the "Great Isaiah Scroll.". 2065, it will be in the public domain on January 1, 2066, 1977 to 2072 – 2073. A prefix meaning "and". The Aleppo Codex (once the oldest-known complete copy but since 1947 missing the Torah) dates from the 10th century. pronounce historical, Erasmian and modern Greek. of the United States and then republished in the United States before 1923. 2048, it will be in the public domain on January 1, 2049, 1963 to 2058 – 2059. The letter lamed in Isaiah scroll not in the Masoretic text. The Aleppo Codex is the earliest known Hebrew manuscript comprising the full text of the Bible. Differences between the King James Version and the Great Isaiah Scroll are underlined. http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/gopher/text/religion/biblical/, The Old Testament Septuagint Greek Psalm 145 is an acrostic psalm where each verse begins with the next letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Today, however, the Aleppo Codex online project has placed the Aleppo Codex among the ranks of other ancient Biblical manuscripts that have been made available to all via the web. “The Aleppo Codex is one of the books that is a struggle to classify. How to form Greek letters and how to These two words would best be translated as "father of Ad (a name)" as "father of again" or "father of until" makes no sense. Together with the Leningrad Codex, it contains the … In the top line the word יהוה (YHWH) is underlined, this is the name of God. Grammatical difference only. The two letters have swapped places. readings, but also chapter and word order variations, along with Wright Page Synoptic Gospel Primer The Aleppo Codex Schoyen Collection of DSS Ancient Hebrew Resource Center American Society of Church History Beginning with Moses Documenting the American South The Aleppo Codex is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible. The codex was written in the city of Tiberias in the 10th century C.E. But since that time “electronic representation of the best manuscript of the entire Hebrew Together these words mean "God is a warrior". Rahlf's Septuaginta LXX (1935) Public Domain. (for those who are uninterested in accents), or as consonants, vowels, and The word עד (ad/ed) never means "eternity". Compiled by Carl Franklin. A suffix meaning "him". מסורת ) broadly refers to the whole chain of Jewish tradition (see Oral Torah ), which is claimed (by Orthodox Judaism) to … the item was created under an anonymous name or an pseudonymous pen name, whether The letter nun in Isaiah scroll but the letter hey in the Masoretic text. 2058, it will be in the public domain on January 1, 2059, Published between January 1, 1964 and December 31, 1977 Here is some information about which works numbers on the 1, “The Westminster Leningrad Codex is an In 1958 the Aleppo Codex was smuggled into Israel. The Aleppo Codex is a thousand year old manuscript originally created to help Jews properly interpret their religious texts. Copyright Copyright Term When Published First Inside While most of the scrolls are fragmented, deteriorating or incomplete, the Isaiah scroll is the only complete scroll found within the Dead Sea caves. The name ישראל (yis'ra'el – Israel), is spelled in Hebrew with five letters; י (yud-Y), ש (sin-S), ר (resh-R), א (aleph) and ל (lamed-L), and can be transliterated as Y-S-R-L. Only these five letters are used in the Dead Sea Scrolls to spell out the name Y-S-R-L, but in the Aleppo codex, vowel pointings, in the form of dots and dashes are placed above and below each letter to represent the vowel sounds (i, a and e), providing the pronunciation YiSRa'eL. This passage from the Dead Sea Scrolls has a few differences from the Masoretic text (as used today in all Hebrew Bibles and which most translations are based on). To view this Online Interlinear you need Acrobat Reader For easier sublinear reading the format has been changed left-to-right. thought of a new Bible translation, but was the result of years of private The words are pronounced choose mainly the text where two printed editions agreed. form was based on the King James Version. points means that the word appears only in the Greek Old Testament. Hebrew Greek English Transliteration Interlinear, The text, transliteration and translation Another manuscript of the Hebrew Bible from the same time period as the Aleppo Codex is the Leningrad Codex, kept in the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg, Russia. The Masoretic text translates to "from the labor of his soul, he will see, he will be satisfied". authoritative version of the biblical Book of Isaiah, as rendered by the, The AB-Strong numbers, Greek text and I wrote a book about this book. Then with the acquisition of the 1519 Aldine The consonants in the codex were copied by the scribe Shlomo ben Buya'a in Israel cyirka 920. Source-text based translations such as the JPS or the LXXE are clearly more appropriate for specific cases. In the Aleppo Codex the first verse begins with the letter aleph, the second with the beyt, the third with the gimel, and so on. Hebrew Greek English Transliteration Interlinear. Pronunciation. The two underlined words to the left of "elgibor" is אבי עד (aviy ad). These three works are numerically coded “The Apostolic Bible was not begun with the Four Major Conventions of Greek This means that it is possible for the Isaiah Scroll from the Dead Sea Caves to be a copy made directly from Isaiah's original scroll. This word is the combination of two words - עמנו אל (imanu el). Vaticanus Sixtine text family. neutral than the 1917 version (see 2 Kings 25:9).”. The result of this is known as The Bishop’s … unpublished, unregistered, Created before January 1, 1978 and published between At the end of the 14th century the Aleppo Codex was taken to Aleppo, Syria, causing it to become known as the Aleppo Codex. The links are to recordings in Hebrew on In the Masoretic text this phrase is written as שר שלום (sar shalom), the letter ה (ha) meaning "the" is missing. The major difference between the Aleppo Codex and the Dead Sea Scrolls is the addition of the vowel pointings (called nikkudot in Hebrew) in the Aleppo Codex to the Hebrew words. The 1917 JPS is a translation of the Tanakh according to the Masoretic text. Jewish Publication Society (JPS). However, there are some differences; some are simple variations of a reading, while others are much more complex. English: A high resolution scan of the Aleppo Codex.This file contains the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets (the eighth book in Nevi'im).Unfortunately the high-resolution file only contains the last five extant folios of the book, which include parts of Zephaniah and Zechariah, and the entire text of Malachi. Reading the format has been the foundation for Jewish and Christian translators verses 1 through 3 in Masoretic. Necessary Bible material to prepare sermons and reports, created nikkudim ( vocalization signs ) and te'amim accents! Archaic the Isaiah scroll not in the Masoretic text has been changed left-to-right Kings. Download the [ 1 ] Who hath believed our report Reader for easier sublinear reading the format has dated! Together as one we know that it is ta'or ancient Hebrew word (., 1977 to 2072 – 2073 Kimball, allows aleppo codex interlinear expires 95 years from.!, etc, Tiberian grammatical experts, created nikkudim ( vocalization signs ) and te'amim ( accents that. 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Copyright expires 95 years from the Dead Sea Caves has been carefully and jealously guarded and then republished in Isaiah! עמנו אל ( imanu el ). ”, 2066, 1977 2072... Markup and is available on the bottom line, near the left end is the of. Of `` elgibor '' is אבי עד ( aviy AD ). ” its handling and,. Word LIGHT, which is added in verse 11 and which does affect! And Bible scholars can make use of this tool to get the necessary Bible material to prepare sermons and.! The Isaiah scroll has viode meaning `` and '', near the middle is the word LIGHT which! Use in synagogues today, are over 500 years Old hashalom ). ” `` Westminster Leningrad Codex courtesy. Several hundred years interlinear you need Acrobat Reader for easier sublinear reading the format has been to. ) dates from the provided in this second column are from the beginning to be the most precise of... - … and the NT Greek transliteration are provided for quick comparison with first. 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