Locate the Hayward fault. Faults consist of two rock blocks that displace each other during an earthquake or regular tectonic movement. High disruption of structures, roads, and utilities. New Study Finds Hayward Fault More Dangerous Than San Andreas. What if...A 7.0 earthquake hit the San Francisco Bay Area? The last major earthquake on the Hayward Fault, with magnitude 6.5-7.0, occurred on October 21, 1868. 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SAN FRANCISCO (KGO) -- While the San Andreas fault gets much of the attention after the devastating 1906 and 1989 quakes, it's the Hayward fault, which runs along the East Bay, that quake experts consider the most dangerous fault in America. However, many scientists believe that the Hayward Fault is connected to the Calaveras Fault to the south, the Rodgers Creek Fault to the north and to the Maacama Fault still farther north. October 21, 2008, marks the 140th Anniversary of the 1868 approximate Magnitude 7 … A section of sidewalk in Hayward that showed the movement of the Hayward Fault was 'fixed' by the city, much to the dismay of geologists. This movement may occur rapidly, in the form of an earthquake - or may occur slowly, in the form of creep. ... the site’s distance from the fault, and the type of geologic material at the site. Different faults in the Bay Area and the probabilities for each one producing a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake. Parts of a Fault. Also significant is the Hayward Fault, a 74-mile-long fault that mostly covers the East Bay. The cracking of the ground along the Hayward Fault was traced about 20 miles (32 km) from San Leandro to Warm Springs in Fremont, although modeling of survey data suggest that the fault moved as far north as Berkeley, and from these data the average amount of horizontal movement along the fault is inferred to be about 6 feet (1.9 meters). It is located within its central section, between the latitudes of San Jose and Bakersfield. This web page tries to compile the most up-to-date information in one place. A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. The Hayward Fault has ruptured about every 140 years for its previous five large earthquakes. The Hayward Fault runs along the foot of the East Bay hills, something that all residents of the Bay Area. Nearly all transform faults are in the deep sea, but the major ones on land are noteworthy and dangerous, such as … What is likely to be the effect on the East Bay when it ruptures? According to a new study, the Hayward fault line that runs under Oakland, California is believed to be more dangerous than the infamous San Andreas fault line that spans Southern California.. To the east lies the Clayton-Marsh Creek-Greenville Fault. Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers. Damage in San Francisco from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The Hayward Fault is the single most urbanized earthquake fault in the United States—in 1868 there were only 24,000 residents living in Alameda County; now there are more than 2.4 million people. Soft, water saturated sands and sediments amplify shaking even at great distances from an earthquake, while bedrock shakes to a much lesser extent. It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes: The Hayward and San Andreas Faults are probably the most studied earthquake faults in the world, so a lot is known about them. The Hayward Fault is a Strike-slip Fault. This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. The Hayward fault, for instance, moves at a rate of about 0.2 in. The Hayward Fault is a strike-slip fault on the surface but changes to a low angle thrust fault as it descends under the Easy Bay Hills. San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes: The Hayward and San Andreas Faults are probably the most studied earthquake faults in the world, so a lot is known about them. COVID-19 holiday risk: The safest and most dangerous activities, Bay Area Life; Sundays at 6:30 p.m. on ABC7, 'The Earthquake Effect' provides in-depth coverage on Bay Area's readiness for the next major earthquake, The catastrophic fall and slow rise of the Bay Bridge after Loma Prieta, Scientists call San Francisco Bay Area 'Tectonic Time Bomb', MAP: Significant San Francisco Bay Area fault lines and strong earthquakes, From the Archives: ABC7's Peabody Award winning coverage of 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, What to pack in your earthquake emergency kit, Prepare NorCal: Disaster Preparedness Resources, Pet preparedness: How to keep your furry babies safe during a disaster or emergency, Most powerful earthquakes in California history above 7.0 magnitude, Earthquake scale: How they are measured and what the magnitude and intensity scales mean, What is an earthquake? It splays to the east and trends between N. 20° and 35°W along some 119 km. Strike-slip faults have walls that move sideways, not up or down. An example of a dip-slip or transform fault is the San Andreas fault in California. The Hayward fault threatens a lot of people and structures as it runs straight through the East Bay. This is what happens when the ground starts to shake. Are you, your family, and your business prepared to outsmart disaster? Locate the Hayward fault. In order to better understand mechanisms of active faults, we studied relationships between fault behavior and rock units along the Hayward fault using a three-dimensional geologic map. Between the San Andreas Fault and the Calaveras Fault lies the Hayward Fault, which diverges from the Calaveras Fault east of San Jose, California. The most dangerous fault in the Bay Area is, as of now, due to fail at any time. The net effects of these are often more severe and more widespread than the damage directly caused by the shaking itself, and they complicate emergency response and clean-up.Faults, however, can also cause damage in much less noticeable and long term way through creep. The USGS map of the fault trace shows the specific features of the fault here. Major active faults such as the Hayward Fault are associated with many hazards. That is, the slip … Two factors combine to make the Hayward Fault very dangerous. It is among the most active faults and seismologists warn it will likely be the source of the next "big one" in San Francisco-Bay Area. Click for more detail. The Hayward Fault Zone derived its name from the city of Hayward in the San Francisco Bay Area. Posted April 19, 2018, under Blog. The Hayward fault is considered a branch within the San Andreas Fault system (fig 1). Major active faults such as the Hayward Fault are associated with many hazards. How does the COVID-19 vaccine get to a hospital near you? Think: Have any Mw 9 quakes occurred on any other type of plate boundary? Copyright © 2020 KGO-TV. This event marked the end of a period of severely reduced creep on the southern part of the fault that began after the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake. In 1996, an 18-millimeter creep event, the largest ever observed on the Hayward fault, occurred between surveys 63 days apart. convergent. What is likely to be the effect on the East Bay when it ruptures? The most obvious hazard is that of large earthquakes, which induce ground shaking over a large area that can cause heavy objects to fall and windows to shatter, and can cause structural damage to buildings and bridges. A fault’s length is related to the maximum strength of an earthquake it can produce. The Hayward Fault is thought capable of generating a magnitude 7.5 quake. It suggests that either the fault is creeping there, or there has been recent seismic slip.” In fact, according to Watt et al., even the most recent prehistoric earthquakes along the Rodgers Creek fault and Hayward faults, which struck sometime between 1715 and 1776, could have been a single combined event given dating uncertainties. The Hayward Fault and the 1868 Earthquake. The Hayward Fault has a strike-slip motion which is when one land mass moves, nearly horizontally in the opposite direction of the other on the surface. Earthquake country just got a little scarier. The northern segment of the Hayward Fault stretches between San Pablo Bay and southern Oakland, and if that segment alone should break, then … All Rights Reserved. The San Andreas Fault system forms the boundary between the North American and the Pacific tectonic plates. It is among the most active faults and seismologists warn it will likely be the source of the next "big one" in San Francisco-Bay Area. These four fault structures are some of the major faults in California at the latitude of San Francisco. This creates an uplift of the East Bay hills in the Fremont area exposing the rocks of the Briones Formation, which is a fossilerous rock made of marine shells. NCGS Commemorates the 1906 Great Earthquake by Walking…the Hayward Fault! High disruption of structures, roads, and utilities. The Hayward fault is not our only fault. One block is called the hanging wall, and the other is the footwall. But at its northern end, at Point Pinole Regional Shoreline, the fault can be walked and traced across open land with trees and grass. To share this video via email, copy and paste the message and URL below into your favorite email client and send. It is a right-lateral strike-slip fault, meaning that motion along it is mainly horizontal, so that objects on the opposite side of the fault from the viewer will move to … It is a member of the San Andreas Fault system that runs from the Gulf of California in the south, to Cape Mendocino in the north. In addition, there are numerous documents on the State of California's Department of Conservation website that give lots of useful information. A new report from the USGS says the biggest danger may be the Hayward Fault, because 2 million people live directly on top of it, including the cities of Oakland and Berkeley. (Play Video), Cooperative Institute for Deep Earth Research (CIDER), Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), Official Maps of Earthquake Fault Zones throughout California, Official Seismic Hazard Zone Maps throughout California. The Hayward Fault is a major earthquake fault that runs for nearly 45 miles (72 km) through the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay region. Understanding the parts of a fault can help you identify what type of fault you’re seeing. The Hayward Fault is a major earthquake fault that runs for nearly 45 miles (72 km) through the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay region. It suggests that either the fault is creeping there, or there has been recent seismic slip.” In fact, according to Watt et al., even the most recent prehistoric earthquakes along the Rodgers Creek fault and Hayward faults, which struck sometime between 1715 and 1776, could have been a single combined event given dating uncertainties. Picture via USGS. This movement causes stress, which results in earthquakes. ... What type of plate boundary is closest to it? convergent. According to experts, this fault causes a major earthquake, on average, approximately every 140 years. With the last strong earthquake in 1868 and more than a dozen pipelines already Strike-Slip Faults. The Hayward Fault is a strike-slip fault on the surface but changes to a low angle thrust fault as it descends under the Easy Bay Hills. It contains a lot of information, links, and videos to explore and you will learn practically everything there is to know if you study this page. This means that it shows its everyday action in the form of aseismic creep, the slow, steady sliding of land along the fault’s margin. The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes.This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay.It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. Contributed by Dale Smith Photos by Phil Garbutt. Think: Have any Mw 9 quakes occurred on any other type of plate boundary? Technically speaking, the Hayward is a right-lateral strike-slip fault. On April 15, 2006, Drs. It contains a lot of information, links, and videos to explore and you will learn practically everything there is to know if you study this page. The most obvious hazard is that of large earthquakes, which induce ground shaking over a large area that can cause heavy objects to fall and windows to shatter, and can cause structural damage to buildings and bridges. Most faults produce repeated displacements over geologic Strong shaking and fault rupture can also lead to many other problems, including landsliding, liquefaction, fires, disrupted transportation routes, broken water and gas pipes, downed electrical and phone lines, and many other dangerous conditions. You’ll see things marked in the area just south of the zoo, a length of the fault labeled “G1, sl” and a dotted oval marked “G1, df.” G1 means a geomorphic feature (a landform) of “strongly pronounced” character, the most clear-cut kind of evidence. The Hayward Fault splinters from the Calaveras Fault, which itself is an offshoot of the To find out more about the potential hazards from an earthquake in the Bay Area, or about the specific area that you live in, the USGS has several great Google Earth maps that show: likeliness of a damaging earthquake, liquefaction likeliness, at risk areas, and potential hazards for our infrastructure. ... What type of plate boundary is closest to it? per year (about how fast your fingernails grow). The cracking of the ground along the Hayward Fault was traced about 20 miles (32 km) from San Leandro to Warm Springs in Fremont, although modeling of survey data suggest that the fault moved as far north as Berkeley, and from these data the average amount of horizontal movement along the fault is inferred to be about 6 feet (1.9 meters). The Hayward Fault runs through portions of Fremont and Union City. If a building was unlucky enough to have been built on the fault, the fault will gradually warp and tear it apart. It is a right-lateral strike-slip fault, meaning that motion along it is mainly horizontal, so that objects on the opposite side of the fault from the viewer will move to … Joyce Blueford and Mitch Craig lead NCGS members, family, and the general public on a field trip to examine evidence of the Hayward Fault in the East Bay. The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes. 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