Start studying AP Psychology Unit 7 Cognition Vocab. Argues that forgetting is caused by the passage of time. Anxious parents might defend using flashcards with toddlers as "nurturing their cognitive development." a full-scale working model used to test a design concept by making actual observations and necessary adjustments, a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem, a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem, a feature of thought and problem solving that includes the tendency to generate or recognize ideas considered to be high-quality, original, novel, and appropriate, the tendency to look for evidence in support of a belief and to ignore evidence that would disprove a belief, according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved, a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past, The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving, judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information, Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common, tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct predictions, clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited, an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning, presenting information either positively or negatively in order to change the influence is has on an individual or group, a system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning, in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix), (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language, in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others, language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences, beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language, the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words, beginning about age 2 the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements, early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words, Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think, language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition, stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language, humans have an inborn native ability to develop language. how to solve a math problem). Process of drawing conclusions from evidence involving one or more general premises; philosophical; general premises --> conclusion. Quizlet is one of the biggest vocabulary and flashcard learning websites on the net. The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. seven powerful vocabulary learning tools for the creation of different vocabulary activities. The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. A mental image or best example of a category. The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. People put too much faith in their own estimates, beliefs, decisions. Language is the use of sounds, grammar and vocabulary according to a system of rules that is used to communicate knowledge and information. What Is Cognition? Language is a valuable means of communication that has enormous adaptive value. It looks like your browser needs an update. Updating the Modal Model; Working Memory and Long-Term Memory: One Memory or Two? It has flashcards and vocabulary sets for a wide-range of subjects. Start studying AP Psychology Unit 7 Cognition Vocabulary. Begin with a problem and come up with one solution. Refers to how decision issues are posed or how choices are structured. The kids learn to think and understand behavior. Effective problem solving requires specifying all the constraints governing a problem without assuming any constraints that don't exist. Problems in which one or more elements among the initial state, the goal state and the constraints are incompletely and unclearly stated. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Maintains an image of what we have seen for a few tenths of a second after the image appears; George Sperling studied recall of letters in a matrix; iconic memory. Start studying AP Psych Unit 8: Memory & Cognition. Maintains the sounds we have called for 3-4 seconds after stimulus; echoic memory. a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. intelligence; devised the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (academic problem-solving, practical, and creative), scientist that argued the "fight or flight" response with the idea that women "tend and befriend." Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. People focus on numerical information even if it is not relevant. Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"; also declarative memory. list good/bad in decisions). Mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people (i.e. Oh no! There are different types of consciousness, including social consciousness, being aware of injustices in society. The Route Into Memory. ... Chapter 9: Thinking and Language Vocabulary (Quizlet) Chapter 9 Ebook. There is considered to be validity to all three theories concerning the nature of the connection between language and cognition. U1 Psychology of Cognition 213 Flashcard Maker: Olivia Stibbe. comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin). A Closer Look at Working Memory Aimed at a goal (i.e. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. It's cognition that makes it possible for you to learn a foreign language. Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. Argues that retrieval failure occurs when established associations conflict with what we are trying to recall. Start studying Unit 5 Cognitive Psychology Vocabulary. address, mall, etc. Start studying Cognition Vocabulary. Retention without conscious recollection (of skills and dispositions); also procedural memory. Unit VII: Cognition. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick/easy method for including items in a category (i.e. Handout 9-5. The difficulty in learning vocabulary is a problem that lies in not anchoring the new items to relevant established entities in cognitive structure. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. Metacogition is defined as the scientific study of an individual's cognitions about his or her own cognitions. The tendency to seek information that supports one's decisions and beliefs while ignoring disconfirming information; seek out information to prove us right. Start studying AP Psych: Cognition Vocab. Women will join forces and protect the offspring. A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words and sentences in a given language; also the study of meaning. Through insight, chimps were able to use props in order to retrieve rewards. Quizlet presents multiple learning modes that leverage cognitive biases like the Generation effect and Testing effect to better recall this information. Enhanced ability to recall items from the beginning of a list. a mental process that allows the storage of experience and perceptions for recall at a later time, First stage of the memory process; in it information is transformed or coded (a transduction process) into a form that can be processed further and stored, maintaining encoded information in memory over time, the cognitive operation of accessing information in memory, the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system, activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten, a relatively permanent type of memory that holds huge amounts of information for a long period of time, a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory, the processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision, unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings, encoding that requires attention and conscious effort, the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage, the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice, our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list, the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words, the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words, description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste), memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices, (psychology) the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units, a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second, a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds, an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation, believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory, a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event, a deficit in long-term memory, resulting from disease, brain injury, or psychological trauma, in which the individual loses the ability to retrieve vast quantities of information from long-term memory, a loss of memory, occurs when memory influences our behavior without conscious awareness, memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously, memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare", a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage, a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test, a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test, a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time, an enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as a word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus, that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." 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